INTRODUCTION An electric vehicle (EV) is a type of vehicle that runs on electricity rather than fossil fuels. Instead of an internal combustion engine, electric vehicles use an electric motor powered by a rechargeable battery pack. Electric vehicles have become increasingly popular due to their many advantages over traditional gasoline-powered vehicles. Electric vehicles are more energy-efficient and produce less pollution, making them a cleaner and more environmentally friendly transportation option. Additionally, they offer a smooth and quiet ride, with instant torque and acceleration. There are two main types of electric vehicles: battery-electric vehicles (BEVs) and plug-in hybrid electric vehicles (PHEVs). BEVs are powered solely by an electric motor and require charging from an external power source, while PHEVs have both an electric motor and a gasoline engine, allowing them to switch between electric and gasoline power. Electric vehicles are becoming more accessible